Haplotyp R1a1 - Aryan
R1a1 kommt heute vielen tuerkischen Voelkern Zentralasiens vor, allerdings sind dies nur noch Ueberreste der einstigen europaeiden Nationen Zentralasiens, also Skythen und iranische Voelker, wie die Alanen, welche von Tuerken und Mongolen erobert und unterworfen worden sind.
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Beschaeftigt sich mit der Geschichte des Haplotypen R1a1.
To help unravel some of the early Eurasian steppe migration movements, we determined the Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial haplotypes and haplogroups of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area dated from between the middle of the second millennium BC. to the fourth century AD... nearly all subjects belong to haplogroup R1a1-M17 which is thought to mark the eastward migration of the early Indo-Europeans... Our results also confirm that at the Bronze and Iron Ages, south Siberia was a region of overwhelmingly predominant European settlement, suggesting an eastward migration of Kurgan people across the Russo-Kazakh steppe. Finally, our data indicate that at the Bronze and Iron Age timeframe, south Siberians were blue (or green)-eyed, fair-skinned and light-haired people and that they might have played a role in the early development of the Tarim Basin civilization.
Christine Keyser et al., Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people, Human Genetics, Saturday, May 16, 2009, doi: 10.1007/s00439-009-0683-0
[Links nur für registrierte Nutzer]All but one of the skeletons belonged to Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1, which is the most common haplogroup in Poland, at levels of 49-64% around the country. Keyser et al. compared these paternal lineages to those in modern populations, and although they didn't get any exact matches at 17 loci, plenty of hits were generated at fewer markers. As expected, Poles made a very strong showing, as did Czechs, Northeast Germans, Slovenians...
The assignment method was performed from only the allelic frequencies of the seven STR loci considered in the consensus genotype. The probability of observing an individual with the Kizil skeleton STR profile was the highest in the two eastern European populations (Russia and Poland). Indeed, the likelihood that the Kizil skeleton STR profile occurred in these two populations was 10 times higher than in other European populations, 100 times higher than in eastern Asian populations, and about 100,000 times higher than in Indian populations.
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We conclude that our analysis of genetic data obtained from a skeleton recovered in a Scytho-Siberian kurgan (2500 years old) links this ancient skeleton to several European populations that live in the neighboring region of Central Asia and shows that the Scytho-Siberian population contained a European component (Voevoda et al. 2000; Clisson et al. 2002).
Ricaut, Francois-X et al., Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations, Human Biology - Volume 76, Number 1, February 2004, pp. 109-125, DOI: 10.1353/hub.2004.0025Finally, I should mention that three 4600-year-old Corded Ware (ie. assumed proto-Indo-European) skeletons from Germany were recently tested for Y-SNPs. The results were also most likely R1a1, with a modern match in Gdansk, Northern Poland
It seems we've now come full circle, because latest work on the SNP structure within R1a1a shows that India has very low R1a1a diversity. For instance, all Indians tested to date for newly discovered R1a1a SNPs, as part of various Y-DNA projects, have come back positive for Z93. This marker is not upstream to any European R1a1a clades. In fact, most Eastern Europeans tested to date have come back ancestral for Z93. This information gels very well with ancient DNA results, which show a movement of light-pigmented European-like groups deep into Asia during the early metal ages from somewhere in West Eurasia (see here).
The news just in, courtesy of the R1a and Subclades Y-DNA Project, is that the Z283 SNP ties together the three major European R1a1a clades. These are R1a1a1-Z284, largely found in Scandinavia, R1a1a1-M458, characteristic of Western Slavic and Eastern German populations, and R1a1a1-Z280, of Central and Eastern Europe. The primary distribution of Z283 shows an uncanny resemblance to that of the former Corded Ware cultural horizon of Northern Europe. Below is a map of the Corded Ware zone from Haak et al. 2008, which describes the discovery of R1a1a in the ancient remains from a Corded Ware burial in what is now Eastern Germany.
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Kurze Zusammenfassung: Dies alles widerlegt die Auffassung das R1a1 oder R1a1a aus Indien nach Europa gekommen ist, es belegt aber die Meinung, das Europa und Indien von europaeiden Menschen aus Suedzentralasien erobert und besiedelt worden ist. Zentralasien war in der Vergangenheit nicht mongolisch und tuerkisch, sondern von europaeiden Menschen bevoelkert.
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