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To most of us, a fruit is a sweet plant part eaten as a dessert or snack, but to a botanist, a fruit is a mature ovary of a plant. All species of flowering plants produce fruits that contain seeds. A vegetable, on the other hand, is simply part of a plant that is grown primarily for food. The tomato—one of the newer additions to world cuisine—can be said to meet both criteria but is technically a fruit. Why was the Supreme Court tasked with classifying the tomato in the first place?

Nix v. Hedden

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Submitted April 24, 1893
Decided May 10, 1893
Full case name John Nix, John W. Nix, George W. Nix, and Frank W. Nix v. Edward L. Hedden, Collector of the Port of New York
Citations 149 [Links nur für registrierte Nutzer] [Links nur für registrierte Nutzer] ([Links nur für registrierte Nutzer]) 149 U.S. 304; 13 S. Ct. 981; 37 L. Ed. 745; 1893 U.S. LEXIS 2303
Prior history Judgment for defendant, 39 F. 109 (C.C. S.D.N.Y. 1889)
Subsequent history None
Holding
Tomatoes are "vegetables" and not "fruit" within the meaning of the Tariff Act of 1883 based on the common meaning of those words.
Court membership
Case opinions
Majority Gray, joined by unanimous
Laws applied
Tariff Act of 1883 (Mongrel Tariff)